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Electrocardiogram (ECG): indications and interpretation

An electrocardiogram, or ECG, records the heart's electrical activity for a few seconds. It is painless and non-invasive and can be performed at the practice during a consultation when indicated.

What does an ECG show?

It assesses heart rate and rhythm, electrical conduction and repolarisation. It may identify atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia, a conduction block, signs of hypertrophy or abnormalities consistent with myocardial ischaemia.

Main indications

An ECG may be indicated for palpitations, chest pain, faintness, breathlessness, hypertension, a murmur, an abnormal pulse, before certain treatments or during follow-up of heart disease.

How is it performed?

Electrodes are placed on the chest and limbs. Recording takes a few seconds while you lie still. No electrical current is delivered to the patient.

Limitations of a resting ECG

A normal ECG does not exclude heart disease or an intermittent arrhythmia. If symptoms are infrequent, a Holter ECG or longer recording may be needed. Results are always interpreted alongside symptoms, examination findings and medical history.

Emergency

Persistent chest pain, severe faintness or sudden breathlessness requires a call to 15 in France. An appointment for an ECG at the practice must not delay emergency care.

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